OCR相当于Windows的注册表。对于Windows而言，所有的软件信息，用户，配置，安全等等统统都放到注册表里边。而集群呢，同样如此，所有和集群相关的资源，配置，节点，RAC数据库统统都放在这个仓库里。如果OCR被破坏则导致集群服务启动异常，需要修复OCR。因此OCR的管理与维护对于整个集群而言，是相当重要的。本文主要描述了Oracle 10g RAC下的OCR的管理与维护。
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1、环境
oracle@bo2dbp:~> cat /etc/issue
Welcome to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3 (x86_64) - Kernel \r (\l).
oracle@bo2dbp:~> crsctl query crs activeversion
CRS active version on the cluster is [10.2.0.3.0]
2、校验OCR文件
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6160
Available space (kbytes) : 198400
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1 <-- OCR (primary)
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured <-- OCR Mirror (not configured)
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
#如果clusterware处于关闭状态也可通过查询ocr.loc获得ocr文件所在的位置
oracle@bo2dbp:~> more /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw1
local_only=FALSE
#校验OCR产生的日志文件
$ORA_CRS_HOME/log/
3、dump OCR的内容
#缺省情况下，ocrdump命令导出文件被命名为OCRDUMPFILE，其文件类型为ASCII文件，如果缺省文件已存在，则收到PROT-303文件存在提示
#导出ocr到缺省文件
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrdump
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ls -hltr OCRDUMPFILE
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44K 2013-01-07 14:13 OCRDUMPFILE
oracle@bo2dbp:~> file OCRDUMPFILE
OCRDUMPFILE: ASCII text
#导出ocr到指定文件
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrdump /tmp/`hostname`_ocrdump_`date +%Y%m%d:%H%M`
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ls /tmp/*ocr*
/tmp/bo2dbp_ocrdump_20130107:1415
#导出ocr中system.css项的内容
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrdump -stdout -keyname SYSTEM.css -xml >ocrdump.xml
oracle@bo2dbp:~> more ocrdump.xml
............
#导出ocr中关于ocr的备份情况
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrdump -stdout -keyname SYSTEM.OCR -xml>ocrdump_bak.xml
4、添加OCR文件
#注，下面的描述中crs在所有的节点处于online状态，即对于ocr的添加，移动，代替crs无需处于offline状态
oracle@bo2dbp:~> crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ssh bo2dbs crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy
ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
oracle@bo2dbp:~> sudo -s rcraw status
root'''''s password:
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 33
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 49
/dev/raw/raw11: bound to major 8, minor 113
/dev/raw/raw21: bound to major 8, minor 129
/dev/raw/raw22: bound to major 8, minor 145
running
oracle@bo2dbp:~> sudo -s /u01/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror /dev/raw/raw11
root'''s password:
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6184
Available space (kbytes) : 198376
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw11 #新的ocr镜像已经被添加
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
#下面是连接到第二个节点查看
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ssh bo2dbp ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6184
Available space (kbytes) : 198376
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw11 #新的ocr镜像已经被添加
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
#从两个节点查看ocr.loc文件记录的ocr位置是否发生变化
oracle@bo2dbp:~> more /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file getting replaced by device /dev/raw/raw11
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw1
ocrmirrorconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw11 #可以看到增加了ocrmirror位置
local_only=false
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ssh bo2dbs cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file getting replaced by device /dev/raw/raw11
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw1
ocrmirrorconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw11
#下面来尝试多添加一个ocrmirror，我们使用裸设备为raw21的做为镜像
oracle@bo2dbp:~> sudo -s /u01/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror /dev/raw/raw21
root'''s password:
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6184
Available space (kbytes) : 198376
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw21 #可以看到原来的raw11已经被替代了
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
#从上面的描述可知，ocr磁盘只能有两个，一个作为primary，一个作为mirror
5、重定位OCR
重定位OCR，也称之为移动OCR文件，也就是将当前的OCR或者镜像的OCR放置到新的裸设备后者OCFS上。对于整个操作可以在联机的情形下完成
不论是移动primary ocr还是mirror ocr，其依赖的ocr必须存在。也就是说必须要有两份ocr存在，否则收到PROT-16: Internal Error
使用下面的命令移动primary ocr
ocrconfig -replace ocr
ocrconfig -replace ocr
现在我们将primary ocr移动到之前的raw11上
oracle@bo2dbp:~> dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw11 bs=1024k count=210
dd: writing `/dev/raw/raw11': No space left on device
200+0 records in
199+0 records out
209698816 bytes (210 MB) copied, 5.39183 seconds, 38.9 MB/s
oracle@bo2dbp:~> sudo -s /u01/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -replace ocr /dev/raw/raw11
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6184
Available space (kbytes) : 198376
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw11 #可以看到，此处之前的raw1被新的raw11代替
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw21
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
使用下面的命令移动mirror ocr，关于mirro ocr的移动此处不做演示
ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
6、本地节点OCR的修复
对于任一节点的clusterware处于关闭状态或者节点主机被关闭的情形，其他节点对ocr配置的更改将使得处于被停机或关闭的clusterware
节点ocr信息与出现不一致的情形。比如在第二个节点处于关闭的情形下，对第一个节点进行了ocr的添加，移出，重定位等等操作，对于这
种情形则需要在关闭的节点进行ocr修复处理。修复仅仅在clusterware守护进程处于关闭下完成。
使用下面的命令修复ocr，repair参数仅仅作用于所在的节点
ocrconfig -repair ocr device_name #修复primary ocr，
ocrconfig -repair ocrmirror device_name #修复mirror ocr
在前面的一个示例中我们将primary 的ocr用原来的raw1变成了raw11，在这个操作期间，节点2已经意外宕机。
下面来查看节点2的ocr.loc
下面的ocr.loc中primary还是raw1，而上一个操作已经变成了raw11
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/log/bo2dbs # more /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /dev/raw/raw11 getting replaced by device /dev/raw/raw21
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw1
ocrmirrorconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw21
local_only=false
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
#此时bo2dbs上集群无法启动
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ps -ef | grep d.bin | grep -v grep #没有看到任何集群相关的进程
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # tail -2 /u01/oracle/crs/log/bo2dbs/alertbo2dbs.log #查看日志文件
2013-01-07 17:13:49.153
[client(12071)]CRS-1009:The OCR configuration is invalid. Details in /u01/oracle/crs/log/bo2dbs/client/css37.log.
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # more /u01/oracle/crs/log/bo2dbs/client/css37.log #查看日志文件
Oracle Database 10g CRS Release 10.2.0.1.0 Production Copyright 1996, 2005 Oracle. All rights reserved.
2013-01-07 17:13:49.153: [ OCRRAW][190773584]proprioini: OCR configuration on disk 1 isn't valid
2013-01-07 17:13:49.153: [ OCRRAW][190773584]proprinit: Could not open raw device
2013-01-07 17:13:49.153: [ default][190773584]a_init:7!: Backend init unsuccessful : [26]
2013-01-07 17:13:49.153: [ CSSCLNT][190773584]clsssinit:
Unable to access OCR device in OCR init.PROC-26: Error while accessing the physical storage
#从上面的日志可知，在磁盘1上ocr配置无效，也就是不能打开裸设备raw1
#下面我们来尝试修复
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./ocrconfig -repair ocr /dev/raw/raw11
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # more /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /dev/raw/raw1 getting replaced by device /dev/raw/raw11
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw11
ocrmirrorconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw21
local_only=false
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ps -ef | grep d.bin | grep -v grep
root 14459 5067 0 17:33 ? 00:00:01 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/crsd.bin reboot
oracle 14512 5065 0 17:33 ? 00:00:00 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/evmd.bin
oracle 15128 14426 0 17:33 ? 00:00:01 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/ocssd.bin
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./crs_stat -t | grep bo2dbs
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
ora....BS.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
ora....BS.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.ons application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.vip application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
ora....g2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE bo2dbs
# Authro : Robinson Cheng
# Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
7、移除OCR
#OCR可以添加，当然也可以移除OCR，比如对于ocr的镜像使用外部raid冗余方式。不过有个条件是必须至少有一个OCR处于联机状态。
通常可以按照下面的步骤来移除OCR
校验集群处于联机状态(尽可能为所有节点)
检查至少一个ocr处于联机状态
移除pirmary ocr或者ocr mirror
对于ocfs文件系统，移除ocr文件
#使用下面的命令来移除ocr
ocrconfig -replace ocr
ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ps -ef | grep d.bin
oracle 5745 5092 0 17:52 ? 00:00:00 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/evmd.bin
root 5902 5094 0 17:52 ? 00:00:02 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/crsd.bin reboot
oracle 6420 5795 0 17:52 ? 00:00:01 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/ocssd.bin
root 8870 18345 0 18:01 pts/0 00:00:00 grep d.bin
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ssh bo2dbp ps -ef | grep d.bin
The authenticity of host 'bo2dbp (192.168.7.51)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 2a:77:4f:eb:46:5b:07:4a:12:23:5c:69:b2:cd:15:ec.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'bo2dbp' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
oracle 5837 5122 0 17:54 ? 00:00:00 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/evmd.bin
root 5907 5124 0 17:54 ? 00:00:02 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/crsd.bin reboot
oracle 6672 5756 0 17:54 ? 00:00:01 /u01/oracle/crs/bin/ocssd.bin
#两个ocr都处于online
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6184
Available space (kbytes) : 198376
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw11 #primary ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw21 #mirror ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./ocrconfig -replace ocr #移除ocr
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # more /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /dev/raw/raw11 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw21
local_only=false
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ocrcheck
-bash: ocrcheck: command not found
bo2dbs:/u01/oracle/crs/bin # ./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 204560
Used space (kbytes) : 6184
Available space (kbytes) : 198376
ID : 1512159503
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw21 #可以看到原来的mirror ocr变成了primary ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded